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History of the Jerks: Bodily Exercises and the Great Revival (1803–1967)
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Excerpt from David Rice’s Second Epistle to the Citizens of Kentucky (1808)

1805-1809, Books, Essays & Treatises, Dancing Exercise, Falling Exercise, Laughing Exercise, Presbyterians

“We ought, however, to have remembered that bodily convulsions, the jirks, &c. are never mentioned in scripture, as evidences of a graceless state, or a delusion of the devil; nor yet as evidences of a work of God’s grace. In a religious view, we ought to have thought but little of them….”

Excerpt from the Minutes of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church (May 24, 1809)

1805-1809, Anonymous/Unknown, Church Records, Other Bodily Exercises & General References, Presbyterians

“[B]odily agitations, where they had appeared, have almost wholly subsided, and have given place to calm inquiry into the great and leading doctrines of the gospel….”

Excerpts from the Missionary Journal of James H. Dickey (August 24–October 16, 1809)

Excerpts from the Missionary Journal of James H. Dickey (August 24–October 16, 1809)

1805-1809, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Presbyterians

“Preached to a mixed multitude of Seceders, Presbyterians, Baptists, & Methodists. One took the jirks, another old lady shouted. People in general were serious….”

Excerpts from Joseph Thomas’s Life of the Pilgrim  (November 10, 1810–May 5, 1811)

Excerpts from Joseph Thomas’s Life of the Pilgrim (November 10, 1810–May 5, 1811)

1810-1815, Christians/Disciples of Christ, Dancing Exercise, Diaries & Journals, Falling Exercise, Laughing Exercise, Other Bodily Exercises & General References, Union Presbyterian Seminary

“[T]he subjects of this work receive no damage or injury whatever, and the most of them are exceedingly happy when they are thus exercised…. One may ask…, can they not be happy in religion and have the jirks?”

Excerpt from a Letter from Thomas Cleland to Ashbel Green (August 23, 1812)

Excerpt from a Letter from Thomas Cleland to Ashbel Green (August 23, 1812)

1810-1815, Correspondence, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Other Bodily Exercises & General References, Presbyterians

“One young woman had what I would call the whirling exercise…. It far exceeded anything of the kind I ever saw. I was told that she had had the jirks nearly 3 years…. Afterwards I remonstrated with some of them and cautioned them.”

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