Newspaper Article from the Stockbridge, Massachusetts, Western Star  (October 11, 1803)

Newspaper Article from the Stockbridge, Massachusetts, Western Star (October 11, 1803)

“A great revival of religion took place in this neighborhood this summer. It began in a way that I never saw before, and it continues in a very strange way. It began with a jurking and shaking of the body, something like convulsion fits, and this bodily exercise continued with some for three or four months, and that daily.”

Letter from Eliza Ramsey to Annie Baxter (September 3–October 10, 1803)

Letter from Eliza Ramsey to Annie Baxter (September 3–October 10, 1803)

“We have now got the Silent, the jirking, the laughing, and the dancing also the [runing] & pointing exercises. Each one of these in their turns have staggered serious people but they are still as it were constrained to acknowledge this O Lord is thy work, and it is wondrous in our eyes….”

Letter from Samuel G. Ramsey to Anne Fleming (November 29, 1803)

Letter from Samuel G. Ramsey to Anne Fleming (November 29, 1803)

“[W]e Are exercised in A religious way we think. This is the Genus As general name for the thing; but there Are A great many specimens of this exercise. There is the jerking; this is the most Common. In addition to this, there is the dancing, Laughing, running, walking, pointing, fighting and falling exercise….”