Missing Person

THE DUKE
motivation: evaluate the trustworthiness of his underlings and the success of his rule
obstacles: deception, brown-nosing from underlings
what is he willing to do?: go incognito, deceive his subjects, lie
why would he do this?: he knows that that is the only way to get a subjective view of his government
avowed (why he says he does things) v. true (why he actually does things):

ANGELO
motivation: sex, unchallenged power
obstacles: the duke, keeping up appearances of propriety
what?: fail the duke, deceive, use sex as a weapon, lie, coerce
why?: he has the power, he must keep up appearances, he thinks the duke will never know
avowed v. true: he says he rules for virtue’s sake but he is really hungry for power

CLAUDIO
motivation: love of Juliet/Isabella, survival
obstacles: the law, propriety
what?: sacrifice Isabella’s virginity, die
why?: he is given no other choice (he must weigh the loves of Juliet and Isabella)
avowed v. true:

ISABELLA
motivation: love of Claudio, piety
obstacles: Angelo, the law, propriety
what?: lie, challenge Angelo, deceive, allow Claudio to die rather than her go to hell
why?: piety, value of god’s law over humans’
avowed v. true:

I’m unsure about the avowed versus true actions, or at least of how to articulate them.  Could someone fill those in by any chance, or give me some ideas?  Thanks.

Image and Title in some general terms

Meassure for Meassure, it’s no moon. (textual evidence to be provided separately)

It’s no moon but it’s so recurrent and important. How do we meassure ourselves, how do we meassure others? What do we meassure with? WHAT’S THE SCALE, and most importantly, WHAT’S THE MEASSURE?

In this play by William Shakespeare there is no escape from action, the characters are doomed to face their fates. Each of the characters are distinct from one another, both in the ways they were conceived by the author and through the reader’s, audience’s, eyes and senses.

Distinctions and similarities between two blocks of contending forces (not necessarily opposing ones) :

The people from the state:

The Duke & Lord Angelo

The people from the people:

Claudio & Isabella

This distinction has been made in order to clarify the way these characters appear to be constructed in, and also because of what they represent in society. Both blocks are powerful given their own means in actuality, morality, politics, bed, appearances, religion, values, and law.

A close-up to the first block clearly strips away unnecessary weight and leaves the bones uncovered.

Ball states that characters gain meaning through performance rather than through text, while he puts forwards the importance of the skeletal nature of their definition distressing the focus on interpretation. Thus, this distinction needs to be done.

The first block, has been comprised to these two characters given their interactions.

The Duke’s decision to step outside of the public arena gives Lord Angelo the reins of law. The Duke, nevertheless, seems to become passive in terms of decision but actually indulges in the most direct action. He steps into the arena as a different character, Friar, for direct intervention. Premeditatedly, he lets L.A take care of the situation in order to examine and expose this character given his lack of trust in him.

Reversely, in the second block Claudio asks Lucio to advert his sister about the situation given his knowledge and trust in her. He does so, not with the intention of examination but with hope and trust.

Claudio manipulates his sister virginity, her virtuousness and purity; which are all immaterial substances. Light ones in terms of real weight but solidly firm and rooted in her.

The Duke manipulates L.A.’s carnal debility to the seemingly corruptible and frail Isabella.

The woman-object of this story, Isabella, appears as a means. She is the means to freedom, as conceived by Claudio, and the subject for naughty intentions, as perceived by Lord Angelo.

Meassure by meassure, the deployment of action seems to be fated. Events fall under the expectations of the Duke and Claudio, but particularly the Duke. The latter, as a self-forced intermediary of God, offices his master plan beneath the surface. How does this relate to the title image?

Well, if we look the Duke’s speech it always maintains a rhetorical structure. Everything he says builds up, forwards. He represents the master, knowledge. Although his position in society is not upon direct merit, he sticks to his role. Not only to appear fitted for his position, but the contrary. It is a character that is not caught in the realm of appearances, although he regards the superficial importance of things as powerful elements. This respect for the superficial world is made obvious by him adopting a different role to the eyes of others.

His temple, nevertheless, is internal. This characters’ value lies in the acknowledgement of his duty. His duty is such because of his stock and lineage.

(AND NOW IS WHEN WE GET TO SPECIFICS)… I will be editing this later on with the textual evidence and makeing a new post with the resume and identification of theme, different images, all according to Ball. I just thought it would be good if I posted some raw work to stimulate the discussion.

Exposition and Forwards: Act IV, Scenes 1 & 2

by Amy Szerlong

Act IV, Scene 1

Exposition:

( Everyone knows both of these)

  • Duke still in disguise
  • Isabella has gone to Angelo and agreed to "see him" in the garden that night (This needs clarification, those characters who know about the proposition know – Duke, Angelo, Isabella – but Angelo does not know he isn’t actually meeting Isabella)

Forwards:

  • Isabella has gone to Angelo and agreed to "see him" in the garden that night (This is also a forward because of the fact that she agrees to meet him in the garden. This ensures darkness so the switch can occur.)
  • Mariana agrees to take part in the switch as long as the "friar" thinks its ok. (Again, this allows the switch to take place and the plan to ruin Angelo to move ahead.)

Act IV, Scene 2

Exposition

  • Duke still dressed like a friar
  • Provost looking for an assistant for the executioner, promises whichever prisoner who agrees their freedom (prisoners know)
  • Pompey agrees to help executioner (prisoner’s know)
  • Angelo sends a message asking for Claudio's head on a platter by 5 (Provost, prison guards and Duke knows)

Forwards

  • Angelo sends a message asking for Claudio's head on a platter by 5 (This confirms the Duke's suspicion that Angelo would still not let Claudio go, even with Isabella following through with her part of the bargain. Also, it raises the stakes for Claudio's survival.)
  • Duke convinces the provost to kill the other prisoner and give HIS head on a platter to Angelo, as Angelo will probably be unable to tell the difference. (This extends the time needed for the Duke to return and pardon Claudio.)
  • The prisoner refuses to be executed. (This throws a wrench in the works€¦)
  • They give the head of a pirate instead. (New solution to an old problem)

But Do It Backwards- Act 2

By Eric Houdek 

-Isabella decides to go visit Claudio in prison and tell him of Angelo’s request. 

-Angelo tells Isabella that nobody will believe her.  He also adds that if she does not accept his proposition, her brother will suffer a long and painful death.  Angelo tells Isabella that she has one day to decide whether she will accept his proposition and exits. 

-Isabella threatens to tell everyone about Angelo’s request.

-Angelo reasserts that Claudio will not die if  Isabella does accepts his request for sexual relations.  The seriousness of his request is established. 

-Isabella tells Angelo that he is a hypocrite for putting Claudio death for loving Juliet, while he is in the act of stating his love for her. 

-Angelo tells Isabella that she is being just as much as a tyrant as she is accusing him of being.  He adds that he truly loves her.   

-Isabella claims that she cannot redeem her brother through sin.   

-Angelo asks Isabella if she would have sexual relations with him in order to save her brother.  (“treasures of your body”)

-Isabella responds that it would be worth a sin to save her brother life. 

-Angelo asks Isabella if it would be worth sin to save her brother’s life.

Scene 3

-The Duke tells Juliet that he will leave to see her lover, who will die the next day.   

-Juliet repents her sin.   

-The Duke realizes that the sexual encounter between Claudio and Juliet was consentual.(“mutually committed”) 

-The Duke initiates conversation with Juliet, asking her if she repents of her sin.   

-Juliet enters the prison.   

-The Duke enters the prison disguised as a Friar. 

Scene 2 

-Angelo realizes that he sexually desires Juliet. 

-As she leaves, Isabella tells Angelo that she would bribe him.

-Angelo tells Isabella to return the next day. 

-Isabella continues to plead with Angelo.   

-Lucio tells Isabella to touch Angelo.

– Isabella continues to plead with Angelo. 

-Lucio tells Isabella to continue pleading with Angelo.

-Angelo tells Isabella that those who break the law must be punished.   

-Isabella says she abhors Claudio’s vice, but begs for his pardon.   

-Isabella enters.

Bait-and-Switch Imagery

One recurring image in Measure for Measure is that of a bait-and-switch.  A promise is extended to a character, only to have it fulfilled in a way that goes against the original plan.  Usually the promise and the fulfillment are almost identical, creating a strong sense of irony.  For instance:

Angelo is pious and strict against adulterers and takes over for the duke only to demand sex from Isabella.  Vincentio is lax with adultery laws but leaves Angelo in charge in order to masquerade as a friar.

Angelo offers to not punish Claudio for adultery; however, the only way that can happen is if Isabella commits adultery, thus passing Claudio’s sin onto his sister.

Isabella promises to unlawfully sleep with Angelo; instead, he is tricked into having an entirely legal tryst with Mariana.

Lucio constantly insults the duke when speaking to Vincentio as the friar; he later insults the friar to Vincentio as the duke.

Angelo sleeps with Mariana, then goes back on his word and demands to see Claudio’s severed head.

The duke attempts to substitute Barnardine’s head for Claudio’s; Barnardine refuses to be executed.

The head of an executed man is demanded; the head of a pirate who died of natural causes is substituted.

The irony of the bait-and-switch imagery contributes to Shakespeare’s theme of hypocrisy.  Many of the substitutions are quite similar to what was originally promised, showing that arbitrary human demands are usually unreasonable and hypocritical.

Forwards and Exposition: Act III

by Amy Szerlong

Exposition and Forwards: Act III, Scene1

Exposition:

  • Duke still dressed as friar (audience knows)
  • Isabella tells Claudio of Angelo's proposition
  • Duke reveals self and tells Claudio that REGARDLESS of Isabella's actions, Angelo is just exercising his power and influence, he still needs to ready himself for death (says a lot about Angelo as a character, and does not ensure Claudio's fate, though Duke willing to help)*
  • Duke tells Isabella about Mariana and her relationship with Angelo (only Duke and Isabella know)

Forwards:

  • Duke hides and eavesdrops on conversation between Isabella and Claudio (when she tells him of Angelo's proposition – encourages Duke to help them)
  • Duke devises plan to involve Mariana and trick Angelo into sleeping with his former fiancée, restoring Mariana's virtue and ruin Angelo (saves Isabella from humiliation and might save Claudio from death)

*I am a bit confused on whether this would be an exposition or a forward, merely because I'm not sure why the Duke tells Claudio this. Although ultimately we discover that Angelo IS completely untrustworthy and sentences Claudio to death anyway, I am not sure that the Duke asks him to ready himself for death because he just wants to prepare him for the worst (if he can't come up with a plan to save him) or he is going a long with his role as the friar or if he just knows how well Angelo works, and he is revealing to the audience what a hypocritical and mean character Angelo is? Thoughts?

Act III, Scene 2

I am having a problem with this scene because a large portion of the scene seems to be taken up with sexual innuendo and ridiculous accusations. Due to the fact that so many sexual innuendos are made, it's confusing to know whether these accusations are serious and therefore what is exposition and what is a forward – aka what actually matters. Although all of it was written with intent, and it fits in with a play that focuses so largely on (to quote Walter) "sexual tension, sexual frustration, and ethical questions regarding sex" I just am not exactly sure what to pick out and what not to. SO I thought I'd ask the class? Has anyone found any other scenes with Pompey, Elbow, and Lucio that may help the understanding of this scene? What in their previous scenes impacts this scene? Please comment!

Exposition and Forwards – Act II Scenes 3 & 4

by Amy Szerlong

Act II, Scene 3

Exposition: (As categorized by who knows what€¦)

  • Duke is disguised as the friar (only audience knows this)
  • Claudio is to die tomorrow (only some know€¦Juliet actually finds out at the end of this scene)

Forward:

  • Everyone learns that the sex between Juliet and Claudio was consensual, and that they loved each other (This urges the Duke to clear Claudio's name, since this act is not as lecherous as once thought€¦)

Act II, Scene 4

Exposition:

  • Isabella goes to Angelo to plead for her brother's forgiveness (only she, her brother, and disguised duke know)

Forwards:

  • Angelo asks Isabella for her virginity in exchange for her brother's life
  • Isabella rejects Angelo's request; goes to ready her brother for his death

So I feel as though I’m running a bit short on exposition here, especially in scene 4. If anyone has anything I missed in either category, please feel free to comment!

Final Stasis

After the action of the play, as in comedies, we return to a similar stasis as where we began.  The Duke returns from his escapades as a friar, pardons Claudio, and proposes marriage to Isabella. His reestablishment as the ruler of Vienna is what brings the play back into the stasis of a functional society.

Although Vienna in the play will continue to exist with a morally-poor society, this is the stasis with which it can continue to exist. The establishment of Lord Angelo as the temporary ruler throws out of balance the delicate nature between the desperate pleasure seekers and the saint-like religious folk, leading to the action of the play. His removal from power brings back the delicate balance between the two morals and groups.

by Paul Kappel

But Do It Backwards-Act 1

By Eric Houdek 

-Isabella says she will leave to try to influence Angelo.

-Lucio continues to argue with Isabella, telling her that women have a degree of power over men.   

-Isabella tells Lucio that she has little power to do anything. 

-Lucio tells Isabella that Claudio has gotten Juliet pregnant, and has been sentenced to death.    

-Lucio calls out to Isabella at the nunnery. 

Scene 4

-The Duke says that crime has gotten out of control.  Additionally, the Duke establishes that he intends to see whether or not Angelo’s resolute appearance is false. 

-Friar Thomas inquires as to why the Duke wishes to be hidden.   

-The Duke asks Friar Thomas to hide him.   

-The Duke enters a monastary.

  Scene 3

-Claudio asks Lucio to find his sister so she can appeal on his behalf to Angelo. 

-Lucio visits Claudio in prison. 

-Claudio is imprisoned for lechery. 

 Scene 2

-The Duke tells Angelo that he must leave right away, and he is given control of the city of Vienna. 

-Angelo enters. 

-Escalus approves of Angelo.   

-The Duke tells Escalus that he must leave the city, and asks if Angelo would be the right person to choose to leave in control of the city. 

 -The Duke sends an attendant for Angelo.

Scene 1