Literary References

Ake, David Andrew. Jazz Cultures. University of California Press, 2002.

Brackett, David. Categorizing Sound. Genre and Twentieth-Century Popular Music. University of California Press, 2016.

“Caravan (1936).” Jazz Standards Songs and Instrumentals (Caravan),  www.jazzstandards.com/compositions-0/caravan.htm.

Chazelle, Damien, director. Whiplash. 2014.

“Exotica.” Music, music.avclub.com/exotica-1798219582.

History.com Editors. “Harlem Renaissance.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 29 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/harlem-renaissance.

Ho, Fred Wei-Han. “What Makes ‘Jazz’ the Revolutionary Music of the 20th Century, and Will It Be Revolutionary for the 21st Century?” African American Review, vol. 29, no. 2, 1995, p. 283., doi:10.2307/3042307.

Oliver, Paul. “That Certain Feeling: Blues and Jazz … in 1890?” Popular Music, vol. 10, no. 1, 1991, pp. 11–19., doi:10.1017/s0261143000004281.

OPB, director. Watch How The Sound Of Jazz Evolved. YouTube, YouTube, 22 Apr. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8Upei0M7jY.

Rattenbury, Ken. Duke Ellington, Jazz Composer. Yale University Press, 1993..

Serrano, Basilio. Juan Tizol: His Caravan Through American Life and Culture. Xlibris Corporation, 2012.

Snider, Eric. “What’s the Big Deal?: The Jazz Singer (1927).” MTV News, 7 Sept. 2011, www.mtv.com/news/2767055/whats-the-big-deal-the-jazz-singer-1927/.

Image References

“Clásicos De Hoy – Whiplash: Streaming Movies, Movies to Watch Free, Movies Online.” Pinterest, www.pinterest.com/pin/642044490596628796/.

“The David Esleck Trio w/ Special Guest Leah Sawyer – Tickets – The Tin Pan – Richmond, VA – July 1st, 2016.” Ticketfly, www.ticketfly.com/event/1178533-david-esleck-trio-special-richmond/.

“FROM THE BOOK NOTE OF AL CASS HIMSELF.” Al Cass Tribute, www.alcasstribute.com/musicians_plays_al_cass_239.htm.

“The Golden Age Of 78 RPMRecordings1937.” Golden Age Of 78 RPM Recordings – 1937, www.lowellsplace.com/78_rpm/1937.html.

West, Michael J. “Introducing Our New Jazz Column: Crescendo in Blue.” Washington City Paper, www.washingtoncitypaper.com/arts/music/blog/20992812/crescendo-in-blue-number-1.