{"id":572,"date":"2023-01-17T12:26:25","date_gmt":"2023-01-17T17:26:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/?page_id=572"},"modified":"2023-02-03T10:45:05","modified_gmt":"2023-02-03T15:45:05","slug":"lamp-with-wreath-relief","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/lamp-with-wreath-relief\/","title":{"rendered":"Lamp with Wreath Relief"},"content":{"rendered":"
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      For a 3D model made by the <\/span>Virtual Curation Lab<\/span><\/a> at Virginia Commonwealth University, see <\/span>https:\/\/skfb.ly\/orATX<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

      Lamp with wreath relief
      \nAWG0000.03.10
      \nRoman or Levantine
      \n3rd-5th century CE<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Material: Ceramic<\/span><\/p>\n

      Weight: 51g<\/span>
      \n<\/span>Dimensions: 8.2 cm across, 5.5 cm at widest point, 2.3 cm high, 0.6 mm thick, 7 cm diameter of central cutout<\/span>
      \n<\/span>Condition: Fair-orange clay layer with traces of matte red slip and accretions in the crevices, slight crack on the underside, obvious wear<\/span><\/p>\n

      Provenance: Unknown<\/span>
      \n<\/span>Source\/donor: Unknown<\/span>
      \n<\/span>Date of acquisition: Unknown<\/span>
      \n<\/span>Research by: Julia Berutti \u201823, Amy Nicholas \u201811<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Detailed description of form\/shape:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      The lamp is made of orange clay, but traces of matte red slip remain in many areas on its surface. There also exist some accretions in the crevices. It is a simple, ovoid shape that is pointed on both ends and bears a larger, open hole in the center. There is a small stub handle protruding off the back. Around the central hole is a ring, followed by a relief decoration.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Detailed description of decoration:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      A relief decoration surrounds the central ring, consisting of three concentric rings. The first, closest to the center cut-out, lacks any distinguishable relief. The middle ring bears a ring of diagonal hatch lines, while the outermost ring bears two rows of similar hatch lines, aligning with the center ring to form multiple layers of a zigzagging relief. The general effect achieved is an appearance similar to that of a wreath.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Comparanda:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      For general shape and similar mold type, compare lamps in the <\/span>Milwaukee Public Museum<\/span><\/a> (<\/span>A15856\/5253, A15855\/5253, N18525\/22446, A15852\/5253, A15854\/5253<\/span>, and A58655\/28902), as well as <\/span>RSP9 and RSP10<\/span><\/a> in the RomQ online lamp reference collection. For a very close parallel from Bet-Shean in Israel, see Hadad 1997, fig. 7. Lamps with similar shapes and mold types have been found throughout the eastern Mediterranean and outer regions.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      This lamp style, with its r<\/span>ound, enclosed center, long, protruding nozzles, and handle, is reminiscent of many other Roman lamps across space and time. However, its most striking feature is distinctly Levantine. The large \u201cfiller hole\u201d in the center characterizes it as likely from the region of modern-day Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria (Da Costa 177). Determining where specifically in the region artifacts come from is difficult for art historians without archeological context, as the area is home to several strong cultural influences. It is not uncommon to find artifacts that originate from the ancient Levant using methods or materials from the West but with decorative elements from the East, especially with newer artifacts (<\/span>\u201cAncient Levantine\u201d)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      The relief decoration possibly depicts a wreath or garland. In Roman visual culture, wreaths could symbolize a number of things, such as victory, loyalty, dedication, memory, completeness, perfection, wholeness, and time, among others. Wreaths were used during weddings, festivals, rituals, funerals, and as demonstrations of sovereignty when worn by leaders (<\/span>Gavrilovi\u0107 et. al. 2012<\/span>, 342).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Very close comparanda, with similar shape and wreath relief, come from excavations at Bet Shean (Hadad 1997, figs. 7-8). This kind of lamp, which the author refers to as \u201cType 7,\u201d was one of the most frequently found at Bet Shean. These lamps were made of orange, brown, or grey clay. The clay color is one of the identifiers for this lamp type, as is the slip and poor firing quality. These lamps are frequently found in northern Palestine (Hadad 1997, 154-156).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Bibliography:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u201cAncient Lamps - Catalogue 3.\u201d RomQ Reference Collection. Accessed October 26, 2021. <\/span>http:\/\/www.romulus2.com\/lamps\/lampcat\/lampcat3.shtml#syro<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      De Costa, Emily. 2012. \u201cShining a Light on Shifting Frontiers: Cultural Uses of Ceramic Lamps during\u00a0 Late Antiquity.\u201d In <\/span>Shifting Cultural Frontiers in Late Antiquity<\/span><\/i>, edited by David Brakke and Deborah Deliyannis, 167-180. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Gavrilovi\u0107, Dragana , Emilija Nikoli\u0107, and Jelena An\u0111elkovi\u0107 Gra\u0161ar. 2012. \u201cWreath - Its Use and Meaning in Ancient Visual Culture.\u201d <\/span>Religion and Tolerance: Journal of the Center for Empirical Researches on Religion<\/span><\/i> 18: 341\u201358.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Hadad, Shulamit. 1997. \u201cOil Lamps from the Third to the Eighth Century C. E. at Scythopolis-Bet Shean.\u201d <\/span>Dumbarton Oaks Papers<\/span><\/i> 51: 147\u201388. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1291764<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u201cLamp Classifications.\u201d Milwaukee Public Museum. Accessed October 4, 2021. <\/span>https:\/\/www.mpm.edu\/research-collections\/anthropology\/anthropology-collections-research\/mediterranean-oil-lamps\/lamp-classifications<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

      The Art Institute of Chicago. \u201cAncient Levantine.\u201d Accessed October 26, 2021. <\/span>https:\/\/www.artic.edu\/artists\/74893\/ancient-levantine<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      For a 3D model made by the Virtual Curation Lab at Virginia Commonwealth University, see https:\/\/skfb.ly\/orATX Lamp with wreath relief AWG0000.03.10 Roman or Levantine 3rd-5th century CE Material: Ceramic Weight: 51g Dimensions: 8.2 cm across, 5.5 cm at widest point, 2.3 cm high, 0.6 mm thick, 7 cm diameter of central cutout Condition: Fair-orange clay […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5468,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width-page-template.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[207586],"class_list":["post-572","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/572","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5468"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=572"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/572\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":713,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/572\/revisions\/713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=572"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/urancient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=572"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}