I found a study conducted in Milan, Italy that concluded the nature of urban expansion influences the degree of urban mobility and the competitiveness of public transportation. Urban sprawl, which results in more dispersed and less structured development, represents one of the least environmentally acceptable solutions in the study and is associated with the lowest level of public transport. A link to the study is provided at the bottom of the page. A NASA webpage that examines the impacts of fast growing urban areas provides a useful connection between the study that I found and the spatial extent of the environmental impacts of urban sprawl. There is a neat reconstruction of the growth of Baltimore over the past 200 years. Enjoy!