{"id":358,"date":"2021-11-02T14:13:07","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T18:13:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/?p=358"},"modified":"2021-11-02T14:13:07","modified_gmt":"2021-11-02T18:13:07","slug":"chapter-16-summary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/2021\/11\/02\/chapter-16-summary\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 16 Summary"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Research Ethics:\u00a0<\/strong>Standard of Conduct within a given group<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Moral distinction of right &amp; wrong, not necessarily illegal<\/li>\n<li>As moral norms can vary by culture, typically held to &#8220;Western&#8221; societal standards<\/li>\n<li>Manipulation of research data &amp; analysis can have disastrous results\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em>A.Dzura observation &#8211; interesting that hypothetical example referenced a female researcher violating the ethical standards; would need to conduct a detailed review of the text but not sure female was consistently used as hypothetical research?<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key Concepts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Voluntary Participation &amp; Harmlessness:\u00a0<\/strong>Participation in research is 100% voluntary, participants may cease participation at any time without consequences and participants will not be harmed as a consequence of research study participation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extensive examples of real life violations of\u00a0<strong>Voluntary Participation &amp; Harmlessness<\/strong> may be found on p.138.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Informed Consent<\/strong> is document participants acknowledge receiving that explain their rights as a research study participant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Anonymity<\/b><strong> &amp; Confidentiality:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Anonymity<\/strong> in research is when a response\/data set cannot be linked to specific participant.\n<ul>\n<li>Assists honest\/truthful participation in research study<\/li>\n<li>Also protects participants from future (eg legal) consequences based on role in research.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confidentiality<\/strong> in research is when researcher commits to not divulge participant specific information.\n<ul>\n<li>Leveraged when &#8220;anonymity&#8221; is not possible.<\/li>\n<li>Weaker protection for participant as not legally &#8220;protected communication&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>In 2002, &#8220;Certificate of Confidentiality&#8221; introduced by federal government to protect participants where applicable<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Recommendation to deliver confidentiality to participants is for researchers to remove any identifying information once no longer necessary for research study<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Examples of how\u00a0<strong>Confidentiality<\/strong> applies to research studies can be found on p.139<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Disclosure:\u00a0<\/strong>information provided to participants prior to securing their agreement to participate in research study. Transparency is recommended around intent of research, funding, etc. If\u00a0<strong>Disclosure\u00a0<\/strong>would bias the results of the study, it is\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff6600\">recommended that researchers should share with participants in debriefing immediately after participation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Analysis &amp; Reporting:\u00a0<\/strong>Expectation is ethical research will communicate with transparency findings of research (favorable &amp; unfavorable), if findings were by design or unexpected outcome, and how data was analyzed to confirm no manipulation to ensure desired or expected outcome of research.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Institutional Review Boards (IRB): <\/strong>Human subject research is governed by federal law. If a research study is using federal money, the study must by overseen and approved by an\u00a0<strong>IRB<\/strong>. Expectation is regardless of funding source, human subject research will follow same standards and procedures as the\u00a0<strong>IBS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Professional Code of Ethics:\u00a0<\/strong>Violations assessed at Category 1, more serious and consequences beyond reputational risk, and Category 2.\u00a0 Specific details attached:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/home.aisnet.org\/%20displaycommon.cfm?an=1&amp;subarticlenbr=15\">http:\/\/home.aisnet.org\/%20displaycommon.cfm?an=1&amp;subarticlenbr=15<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-359\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/files\/2021\/11\/Research-Ethics-Violations-300x275.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/files\/2021\/11\/Research-Ethics-Violations-300x275.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/files\/2021\/11\/Research-Ethics-Violations-1024x938.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/files\/2021\/11\/Research-Ethics-Violations-768x704.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/files\/2021\/11\/Research-Ethics-Violations-1536x1408.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/files\/2021\/11\/Research-Ethics-Violations-624x572.png 624w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/files\/2021\/11\/Research-Ethics-Violations.png 1784w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Chapter ends with Ethical Controversy for discussion.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em>A.Dzura observation &#8211; I believe research was unethical as presented in the textbook as violated modern research ethic concepts below:<\/em><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em>Voluntary Participation &#8211; subjects were not aware joining the study despite the public location<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em>Harmlessness &#8211; significant human impact if study results were made public during the study&#8217;s contemporary time frame<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em>Informed consent &#8211; none for participants<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Anonymity &#8211; none for participants<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><em><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Confidentiality &#8211; not offered<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #3366ff\">Disclosure &#8211; not offered<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Ethics:\u00a0Standard of Conduct within a given group Moral distinction of right &amp; wrong, not necessarily illegal As moral norms can vary by culture, typically held to &#8220;Western&#8221; societal standards Manipulation of research data &amp; analysis can have disastrous results A.Dzura observation &#8211; interesting that hypothetical example referenced a female researcher violating the ethical standards; would need to conduct a&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/2021\/11\/02\/chapter-16-summary\/\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5241,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[177784],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chapter-summary"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5241"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=358"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/358\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":360,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/358\/revisions\/360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=358"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=358"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}