{"id":250,"date":"2021-09-30T22:33:45","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T02:33:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/?p=250"},"modified":"2021-09-30T22:33:45","modified_gmt":"2021-10-01T02:33:45","slug":"chapter-8-summary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/2021\/09\/30\/chapter-8-summary\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 8 Summary"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sampling is a research method based on \u201cobservations and statistical inferences about a population.\u201d (65)<\/p>\n<p>Three things must be considered:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The sample population- the group of individuals one selects to study<\/li>\n<li>The Sampling Frame- the criteria applied to make a selection<\/li>\n<li>The Sample- \u201cwhat\u201d or \u201cwho\u201d is being observed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The sampling process encompasses several stages<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Step One<\/p>\n<p>Select the Population, it \u201ccan be defined as all people or items (unit of analysis) with the characteristics that one wishes to study.\u201d (65) The subject being observed and\/or studied can be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A person<\/li>\n<li>Group<\/li>\n<li>Organization<\/li>\n<li>Country<\/li>\n<li>Object<\/li>\n<li>Or anything else one wishes to observe\/study<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Step Two<\/p>\n<p>Choose a sampling frame<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Target Population<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sampling Techniques<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Probability\n<ul>\n<li>Simple Random<\/li>\n<li>Systemic Sampling<\/li>\n<li>Stratified Sampling<\/li>\n<li>Cluster sampling<\/li>\n<li>Matched Pairs Sampling<\/li>\n<li>Multistage Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Non- Probability\n<ul>\n<li>Convenience sampling<\/li>\n<li>Expert Sampling<\/li>\n<li>Quota Sampling<\/li>\n<li>Snowball Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Statistical Data Derived from Research<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Response- Answers provided by sampled participants\n<ul>\n<li>Frequency distribution<\/li>\n<li>Normal distribution- a bell curve distribution of responses. It will produce sample statistics<\/li>\n<li>Population Parameters- Are unknowable<\/li>\n<li>Sampling Error- The difference between statistics and population parameters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Validating sample Results<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Confidence Interval<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>68-95-99 Rule- 68% of the cases in the distribution lie within one standard deviation of the mean value. 95% are within two standard deviations of the mean, and 99% lie within three standard deviations. A sample is considered biased if it falls out this rule.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sampling is a research method based on \u201cobservations and statistical inferences about a population.\u201d (65) Three things must be considered: The sample population- the group of individuals one selects to study The Sampling Frame- the criteria applied to make a selection The Sample- \u201cwhat\u201d or \u201cwho\u201d is being observed. The sampling process encompasses several stages &nbsp; Step One Select the&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/2021\/09\/30\/chapter-8-summary\/\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5245,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[177784],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chapter-summary"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5245"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=250"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":251,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250\/revisions\/251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/researchmethods-fall2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}