{"id":98,"date":"2015-11-23T01:27:51","date_gmt":"2015-11-23T06:27:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/?page_id=98"},"modified":"2015-12-02T01:10:02","modified_gmt":"2015-12-02T06:10:02","slug":"health-and-safety","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/health-and-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"Health and Safety"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><b>Health &amp; Safety and Dominon Cove Point:\u00a0Why You Should Care<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The health and safety of the people<\/strong>\u00a0are\u00a0incredibly important issues that are (or should be) one of the primary concerns of our society. \u00a0The use of liquid natural gas (LNG) as a fuel source is often seen as a \u201ctransition\u201d fuel that may be used as we move away from coal and the utilization of LNG is expected to rise. \u00a0Yet one must consider the consequences of the use of LNG &#8212; what dangers to health and safety (if any) are the people living near or working in the LNG facilities exposed to?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Early in the morning on 31 March 2014,<\/strong> an explosion tore through the Williams Northwest liquid natural gas export facility on the state border between Washington and Oregon, causing a fire and puncturing one of the liquid natural gas (LNG) storage tanks (\u201cFive workers hurt after natural gas explosion\u201d 2014). \u00a0400 people from the surrounding area had to evacuate and a cloud of black smoke was visible for over a mile. \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">t the Williams Partners\u2019 LNG facility in Gibson, Louisiana, an explosion killed three people and seriously injured four &#8212; the fire from the explosion was still burning four hours later (Botelho, Stringer 2015). \u00a0When asked for comment, the company demonstrated their primary concern by stating, \u201c\u2018service to our customers has not been interrupted\u2019\u201d (Botelho, Stringer 2015). \u00a0These are only two examples of the dangers posed to people unfortunate enough to live near a natural gas facility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most recently, a Dominion LNG export facility is being constructed in Cove Point, Maryland. \u00a0This facility will be the first to be built so close to a very densely populated area. \u00a0The location was chosen due to its proximity to the Chesapeake Bay, making it easier for large tankers to be loaded with LNG for export to other countries. \u00a0There are expected to be numerous impacts of this facility, yet it has still been approved for construction by FERC. \u00a0Some of the most concerning aspects are what dangers to their health the members of the Cove Point community will be facing. \u00a0There have been numerous studies on this very topic, however, it cannot be known for sure the true extent of these risks or the long-term consequences. \u00a0What <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> known is that these facilities do in fact pose threats to human health. It is only a matter of determining the extent of the damage that will be sustained by the people in the surrounding community. \u00a0Academic studies have found a number of probable risks to human health, listed below.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>LNG Threats to Human Health:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Release of toxic chemicals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into the environment that humans interact with in their daily lives. \u00a0Some are known carcinogens (such as arsenic), others are known as being harmful for reproductive health and childhood development (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food and Water Watch<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2013).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_78\" style=\"width: 514px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Health_effects_of_pollution.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-78\" class=\"  wp-image-78\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Health_effects_of_pollution-300x213.png?resize=504%2C357&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Health_effects_of_pollution\" width=\"504\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Health_effects_of_pollution.png?resize=300%2C213&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Health_effects_of_pollution.png?resize=1024%2C727&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Health_effects_of_pollution.png?resize=900%2C639&amp;ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Health_effects_of_pollution.png?resize=1280%2C909&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Health_effects_of_pollution.png?w=1887 1887w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-78\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">General health effects of pollution.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Risk of asphyxiation or fire from an LNG spill resulting in a vapor cloud.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0When LNG is spilled, it quickly evaporates, releasing methane into the air <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which can result in it being susceptible to catching fire.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Hightower, Gritzo, et al. 2004 p. 38-39).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Risk of fire and explosion due to the LNG facility.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0The Cove Point facility is planned to store \u201c410,000 gallons of propane, 14.6 billion cubic ft. of LNG, and other toxic, carcinogenic, and potentially explosive chemicals including ethane, acid-gases, and benzene\u201d (Calvert Citizens for a Healthy Community). \u00a0LNG primarily consists of methane, a highly flammable gas that is easily ignited. \u00a0In the event of an explosion or fire, some of the people in Cove Point would be forced to evacuate by driving <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">towards<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the Dominion facility.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_79\" style=\"width: 471px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Evac-Map.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-79\" class=\"  wp-image-79\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Evac-Map-300x238.png?resize=461%2C365&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cove Point Evac Map!!!!!\" width=\"461\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Evac-Map.png?resize=300%2C238&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Evac-Map.png?w=841&amp;ssl=1 841w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-79\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evacuation route for Cove Point residents. Notice it involves driving past Dominion Cove Point.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Map.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"  aligncenter wp-image-80 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Map.png?resize=629%2C507&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cove Point Map\" width=\"629\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Map.png?w=753&amp;ssl=1 753w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Map.png?resize=300%2C242&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"629\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7ASWHpU_lxE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Complications due to climate change.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Climate change caused by greenhouse gases (such as methane) have three consequences: rising sea levels, rising temperatures, and increased precipitation (Feldscher 2011). \u00a0This means that drinking water could be contaminated by salt water; there will be more heat related deaths, droughts, and smaller crop yields; and there will be dangerous floods (Feldscher 2011). \u00a0Human health is clearly very closely tied to the environment.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Risk of terrorist attacks.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Al-Qaeda has stated that LNG is a desirable target. \u00a0LNG is expected to expand as an industry, meaning that there will be an increase in available targets &#8212; targets near highly populated areas (Kaplan 2006).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>How Dangerous is too Dangerous?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The risks listed above outline the risks<\/strong> that the people of Cove Point may soon be facing. \u00a0This is a particularly worrisome case, considering that the Dominion Cove Point LNG facility is the first of its kind that will be situated in such a densely populated area near an ecologically fragile bay. While there has obviously been much research on this issue, we cannot know for sure what the consequences of using LNG as a fuel source will be. \u00a0Despite these uncertainties, FERC has approved the Cove Point facility and construction has already begun. \u00a0There is growing evidence which suggests that these facilities are unsafe however, we do not know <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">unsafe they are. The Obama Administration\u2019s decision not to allow a comprehensive environmental study on the possible impacts of exporting LNG doesn\u2019t help these matters<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Mantius 2013). \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Regardless, it is the people\u2019s right to know exactly what harm is being done to them, and how much.<\/strong> \u00a0If more people became aware of the dangerous conditions they are being exposed to without their informed consent, then they will hopefully work to put a stop to this injustice. \u00a0Some groups are already raising awareness of this issue. \u00a0Groups such as We Are Cove Point participate in community events such as the Patuxent River Day Parade to inform the community of the dangers that they will soon be facing due to Dominion\u2019s LNG facility. \u00a0It is our responsibility to ourselves, our communities, and future generations to take care of our environment, health, and safety. \u00a0While there will always be certain risks, the Cove Point community has seen a lack of commitment from FERC and Dominion to minimizing the harm that they will most likely face due to the LNG export facility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_109\" style=\"width: 2058px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wearecovepoint.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Top-Ten-Reasons.pdf\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-109\" class=\"  wp-image-109 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Parade.jpg?resize=629%2C629&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cove Point Parade!!!\" width=\"629\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Parade.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Parade.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Parade.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Parade.jpg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Parade.jpg?resize=88%2C88&amp;ssl=1 88w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Parade.jpg?resize=900%2C900&amp;ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Parade.jpg?resize=1280%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/files\/2015\/11\/Cove-Point-Parade.jpg?w=1887 1887w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-109\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Calvert Citizens march in the community parade to protest Dominion Cove Point. Click image for a link to their article.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">References:<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Botelho, G., &amp; Stringer, S. (2015, October 8). 3 dead after explosion at Louisiana gas plant &#8211; CNN.com. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CNN<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Retrieved November 16, 2015, from <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/10\/08\/us\/louisiana-deadly-gas-explosion\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calvert Citizens for a Healthy Community. (n.d.). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Top Five Threats from Dominion Cove Point LNG<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> [Brochure]. Lusby, MD: Author.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Feldscher, K. (2011, November 01). Greenhouse gases pose threat to public health. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from http:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/news\/features\/bernstein-greenhouse-gases-health-threat\/<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Five workers hurt after natural gas plant explosion in Washington state. (2014, April 1). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Guardian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Retrieved November 16, 2015, from <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/apr\/01\/five-injured-natural-gas-plant-explosion-washington<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food and Water Watch<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Rep.). (2013, May). Retrieved November 13, 2015, from Political Economy Research Institute and Food and Water Watch website: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.foodandwaterwatch.org\/sites\/default\/files\/toxic_flood_report_may_2013.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hightower, M., Gritzo, L., Luketa-Hanlin, A., Covan, J., Tieszen, S., Wellman, G., . . . Ragland, D. (2004, December). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guidance on risk analysis and safety implication of a large liquefied natural gas (LNG) spill over water<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> [Scholarly project]. In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sandia Report<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Retrieved November 13, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kaplan, E. (2006, February 11). Q&amp;A: Liquefied Natural Gas: A Potential Terrorist Target? Retrieved November 13, 2015, from <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/cfr\/international\/slot2_021106.html?_r=1&amp;pagewanted=print<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mantius, P. (2013, April 22). Obama Administration Says No to Full Environmental Study of LNG Exports. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DC Bureau<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Retrieved November 16, 2015, from <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.dcbureau.org\/201304228396\/natural-resources-news-service\/obama-administration-says-no-to-full-environmental-study-of-lng-exports.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The truth about Dominion Cove Point: Who is misleading whom? (n.d.). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Fact Sheet from Calvert Citizens for a Healthy Community<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http:\/\/www.wearecovepoint.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Top-Ten-Reasons.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Health &amp; Safety and Dominon Cove Point:\u00a0Why You Should Care The health and safety of the people\u00a0are\u00a0incredibly important issues that are (or should be) one of the primary concerns of our society. \u00a0The use of liquid natural gas (LNG) as a fuel source is often seen as a \u201ctransition\u201d fuel that may be used as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2223,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width-page-template.php","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-98","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P6ZdKb-1A","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/98","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2223"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/98\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/perspectivesonferc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}