{"id":641,"date":"2021-04-29T17:58:10","date_gmt":"2021-04-29T21:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/?p=641"},"modified":"2021-04-29T20:48:35","modified_gmt":"2021-04-30T00:48:35","slug":"stigma-surrounding-female-power-and-sexual-pleasure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/2021\/04\/29\/stigma-surrounding-female-power-and-sexual-pleasure\/","title":{"rendered":"Stigma Surrounding Female Power and Sexual Pleasure"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2020, we\u2019ve witnessed the release of many new songs from popular female artists. While the content of these songs has certainly varied, one theme that has been particularly prevalent is the expression of female sexual pleasure and desire. Two artists whose new music exemplifies this theme are Ariana Grande with her song \u201c34+ 35\u201d and Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion with their song \u201cWAP\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-642\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/WAP-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/WAP-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/WAP-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/WAP-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/WAP-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/WAP-940x940.png 940w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/WAP.png 1109w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-643\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/ARIANA-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/ARIANA-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/ARIANA-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/ARIANA.png 707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Backlash Against Female Artists Singing about Sex<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While <a href=\"https:\/\/www.billboard.com\/music\/ariana-grande\/chart-history\/GLX\/song\/1234134\">&#8220;34 +35&#8221;<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/business\/chart-beat\/9435213\/cardi-bs-wap-debuts-no-1-hot-100\/\">&#8220;WAP&#8221;<\/a> have both topped billboard charts, there has been tremendous backlash against the artists. Upon the release of &#8220;WAP&#8221;, the twitter sphere was up in arms. People were outraged, offended, and very outspoken about how they felt. One political candidate, James P. Bradley , even tweeted \u201cThe #WAP (which i heard accidentally) made me want to pour holy water in my ears and I feel sorry for future girls if this is their role model!\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/JamesBradleyCA\/status\/1291735105774522368?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1291735105774522368%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&#038;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fuproxx.com%2Fmusic%2Fwap-cardi-b-megan-the-stallion-congressman%2F\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/JamesBradleyCA\/status\/1291735105774522368?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1291735105774522368%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fuproxx.com%2Fmusic%2Fwap-cardi-b-megan-the-stallion-congressman%2F<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;WAP&#8221; also garnered tremendous attention on other media platforms, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.westwoodone.com\/programming\/talk-radio\/daily-talk\/the-ben-shapiro-show\/\">The Ben Shapiro Show<\/a>.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> During his live radio show, Shapiro dissected the song line-by-line, reciting a censored version of it. He then went on to condemn the song further saying <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThis is what feminists fought for \u2026 This is what the feminist movement was all about, and if you say anything differently it\u2019s \u2019cause you\u2019re a misogynist, see?\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">1<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mamo, Heran. \u201cBen Shapiro Reads the Censored Lyrics to Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion&#8217;s &#8216;WAP&#8217; &amp; He Can&#8217;t Handle It.\u201d Billboard, August 11, 2020. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/columns\/hip-hop\/9432034\/ben-shapiro-reads-censored-wap-lyrics-cardi-b-megan-thee-stallion<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Rather than accepting the song as a celebration of two black women celebrating their sexuality, Shapiro and other political commentators have viewed it as a larger social issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/JasonSCampbell\/status\/1292900655464677377?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1292900655464677377%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&#038;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highsnobiety.com%2Fp%2Fcardi-b-megan-thee-stallion-wap-backlash%2F\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/JasonSCampbell\/status\/1292900655464677377?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1292900655464677377%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highsnobiety.com%2Fp%2Fcardi-b-megan-thee-stallion-wap-backlash%2F<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Villainization of Masculine Women\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite modern strides in breaking down traditional expectations of women, the backlash against \u201cWAP\u201d demonstrates that gendered norms still persist. While men are often associated with traits that signify strength, dominance, and power, women are identified as soft, nurturing, and submissive. The indicated division in expectation can cause condemnation when people venture outside of their conventional roles.\u00a0 This can especially be seen when women, like Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion, are villainized for expressing their sexuality and strength in music.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Given that performance is often a depiction of real life, the villainization of women is also exhibited in the characters of musicals and operas .\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Hochstuhl\u2019s avid listener post about female Disney villains, he points out that \u201cthe music associated with these characters tells us how villainous they are.\u201d <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">2<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hochstuhl, Christopher R. \u201cPoor Unfortunate Gender Stereotypes: Gender Transgression and Masculinity in the Music of Female Disney Villains.\u201d The Avid Listener, July 27, 2020. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/theavidlistenerblog.com\/2020\/07\/27\/poor-unfortunate-gender-stereotypes-gender-transgression-and-masculinity-in-the-music-of-female-disney-villains\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> While Disney princesses exemplify a \u201csocially conventional ultra-feminine persona\u201d with \u201csoft, gentle, and fair\u201d music, female villains are \u201cassigned music typically associated with male characters.\u201d\u00a0In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Little Mermaid<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Hochstuhl explains that \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ursula\u2019s voice parallels that of Disney\u2019s male characters in qualities of range and speech-like style.\u201d This is in stark contrast to Ariel who has a \u201cbright and nasal belted voice.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The shaming of women for performing masculine traits can also be seen in Bizet&#8217;s Opera,\u00a0<em>Carmen<\/em>. Because of the \u201cstrength of her unrepentant sexuality\u201d, Susan McClarly explains that the audience is encouraged to believe that Don Jose was \u201cforced\u201d to kill Carmen.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">3<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">McClarly, Susan. \u201cSexual Politics in Classical Music.\u201d Chapter. In <i>Feminine Endings<\/i>, 56\u201367. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1991.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Because Ursula and Carmen are framed as evil,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the audience is positioned to assume that they are deserving of punishment. Just as these characters are penalized for their masculine behavior, female artists today are condemned when they exert their strength and sing about their sexuality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Comparing the Criticism of &#8220;WAP&#8221; and &#8220;34 +35&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When comparing criticism received from Ariana Grande and Cardi B, it can be reasonably assumed that both artists would receive equal levels of condemnation. After all, two songs created by women singing about sex should garner similar results. As evidenced by countless tweets from politicians bashing Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion, it&#8217;s fair to say that &#8220;WAP&#8221; received significant hate. However, when analyzing\u00a0 public reaction to \u201c34 +35\u201d, there was little to no backlash. While Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion\u00a0 have been villainized and called bad role models for young girls, Ariana Grande has received limited criticism.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The question thus arises of how two songs (both created by female artists with explicit lyrics about sex) can receive such different public responses. One explanation for this variance is the difference in musicality of the songs. While both songs express female sexual desire, &#8220;WAP&#8221; challenges gender norms through the inclusion of traditionally masculine instruments as well as other masculine signifiers. This contrasts \u201c34 + 35&#8243; which incorporates traditionally female instruments and sounds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Comparing the Musicality of &#8220;WAP&#8221; and &#8220;34 +35&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the lyrics of &#8220;WAP&#8221; are obviously very explicit, the lyrics aren\u2019t the only thing that contribute to the controversy associated with it. The pounding bass, asymmetrical tempo, and the fact that the artists rap instead of sing all challenge expectations of how women are supposed to sound. As pointed out by <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hochstuhl\u2019s description of Ursula\u2019s music, women that sing in lower, &#8220;speech-based&#8221; styles do not fit the conventional female mold. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">4<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hochstuhl, Christopher R. \u201cPoor Unfortunate Gender Stereotypes: Gender Transgression and Masculinity in the Music of Female Disney Villains.\u201d The Avid Listener, July 27, 2020. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/theavidlistenerblog.com\/2020\/07\/27\/poor-unfortunate-gender-stereotypes-gender-transgression-and-masculinity-in-the-music-of-female-disney-villains\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Rather than sounding light and delicate, these women embody sounds that have been traditionally labeled as masculine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Cardi B - WAP feat. Megan Thee Stallion [Official Music Video]\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hsm4poTWjMs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Another element of the song that conjures up disapproval is the inclusion of Frank Ski&#8217;s &#8220;There&#8217;s some whore&#8217;s in this house.&#8221; As pointed out by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelily.com\/some-are-criticizing-cardi-bs-wap-her-fans-say-to-get-over-it\/\">Zalika U. Ibaorimi<\/a>, an African Diaspora studies scholar at the University of Texas at Austin, &#8220;Cardi B raps from a specific perspective.&#8221; \u00a0<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">5<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Felton, Lena. \u201cSome Are Criticizing Cardi B&#8217;s &#8216;WAP&#8217; for Being &#8216;Vulgar.&#8217; Her Fans Say to Get over It.\u201d <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thelily.com.<\/span> The Lily, August 12, 2020. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thelily.com\/some-are-criticizing-cardi-bs-wap-her-fans-say-to-get-over-it\/.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> The artist has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/newsbeat-47197386\">vocal about her experience<\/a> as a stripper, demonstrating that it isn&#8217;t a profession women should be ashamed of. She also announced that she had an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/music\/music-news\/cardi-b-onlyfans-1043254\/\">OnlyFans account\u00a0<\/a>where she included additional footage from the &#8220;WAP&#8221; music video. While selling sex is often looked down upon, Cardi B indicates that she isn&#8217;t phased by being slut shamed. She openly talks her own sexual pleasure as well as the liberation that comes from it. By including Frank Ski&#8217;s &#8220;There&#8217;s some whore&#8217;s in this house&#8221;, she embraces the title and reclaims it as her own. As stated by Ibaorimi,\u00a0\u201cIt\u2019s interesting to see hip-hop go through this transition where we\u2019re rejecting these patriarchal figures,\u201d she says. \u201cWe\u2019re letting the \u2018ho\u2019 speak.\u201d\u00a0<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">6<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Felton, Lena. \u201cSome Are Criticizing Cardi B&#8217;s &#8216;WAP&#8217; for Being &#8216;Vulgar.&#8217; Her Fans Say to Get over It.\u201d <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thelily.com.<\/span> The Lily, August 12, 2020. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thelily.com\/some-are-criticizing-cardi-bs-wap-her-fans-say-to-get-over-it\/.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-IHUl8CwCvI\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-IHUl8CwCvI<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In contrast to WAP , Ariana Grande&#8217;s &#8220;34 +35&#8221; embodies a much different vibe.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Ariana is explicitly singing about sex , just like Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion, there are some underlying differences that make her appear to sound more feminine. For one, the fact that she sings in a higher pitched, softer voice makes her sound sweet and innocent.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, the inclusion of traditionally feminine instruments, such as the violin, give the song a warm timbre. This warmness<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0produces a sense of intimacy, making the song feel more romantic. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The intimate feel as well as the dark lighting in the music video support a more conventional view of sex.\u00a0<\/span>As explained in Solie\u2019s\u00a0piece about &#8220;girling&#8221;,\u00a0&#8220;the sociology of manners and of civilized or &#8216;respectable&#8217; behavior rests crucially on the development of a sensibility of &#8216;private things&#8217; and of personal, intimate behaviors.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">7<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Solie, Ruth A. \u201cGirling at the Parlor Piano,\u201d\u00a0<i>Music in Other Words: Victorian Conversations<\/i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> While the &#8220;sensibility of private things&#8221; is discussed in relation to family dynamics, sex could be considered the ultimate &#8220;private thing&#8221; between a husband and wife. Because women are expected to retain their virginity until marriage, any female sexual activity outside the home could be considered sexually deviant. By producing a romantic environment in her video , Grande reproduces a more &#8220;respectable&#8221; rendition of sexual intimacy. T<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">his contrasts against &#8220;WAP&#8221; where two women casually sing about sex.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ariana Grande - 34+35 (official video)\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B6_iQvaIjXw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Role of Appearance\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Another factor contributing to the variance in critique is the difference in the artists&#8217; appearance. While Ariana Grande is known for her <a href=\"https:\/\/www.insider.com\/why-ariana-grande-wears-ponytail-2018-7\">pony-tail<\/a> and doe-eyes, Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion are noted to wear big jewelry and colorful makeup. Although precious jewels and makeup have historically been seen as a measure of wealth, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.urbandictionary.com\/define.php?term=Hoop%20Earring%20Theory\">modern-day standards <\/a>associate big jewelry and excessive makeup with promiscuity, arguing that the bigger the\u00a0hoop\u00a0the bigger the hoe. While Ariana is praised and respected for her appearance, Carbi B and Megan Thee Stallion receive more hate.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-742\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/carbi-300x171.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"358\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/carbi-300x171.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/carbi.jpeg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-743\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/Ariana-Grande-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"357\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/Ariana-Grande-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/Ariana-Grande-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/Ariana-Grande-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/Ariana-Grande-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/Ariana-Grande-940x940.jpeg 940w, https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/files\/2021\/04\/Ariana-Grande.jpeg 1688w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The physical embodiment of conventional femininity (or lack there of) can also be seen in Disney Film. As explained by\u00a0Hochstuhl, Ursula&#8217;s bright eyeshadow and lipstick embody an &#8220;exaggerated caricature of performed femininity.&#8221; This exaggeration of femininity is contrasted with the physicality of Disney Princesses who have a &#8220;pure white complexion.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">8<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hochstuhl, Christopher R. \u201cPoor Unfortunate Gender Stereotypes: Gender Transgression and Masculinity in the Music of Female Disney Villains.\u201d The Avid Listener, July 27, 2020. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/theavidlistenerblog.com\/2020\/07\/27\/poor-unfortunate-gender-stereotypes-gender-transgression-and-masculinity-in-the-music-of-female-disney-villains\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>\u00a0While princesses are seen as innocent and natural, villains are labeled as vain and tainted. In this sense, Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion are to Ursula as Ariana Grande is to Ariel or Snow White.<\/p>\n<p><b>Wrapping Up and Moving Forward<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although these artists are all singing about sex, two are unfairly criticized for \u201csetting the female gender back\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the musicality of these songs demonstrate how the music itself plays a large role in public reaction, the artists&#8217; appearance also contribute to the difference in reception.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Although these women may look different, one is not more deserving of respect than another. Regardless of their jewelry preferences or beauty routine, all three of these artists should be allowed to express their sexuality and sing about what they want to. In order to start breaking down the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0gendered norms that produce this inequity, we must normalize and praise women for singing about sex, just as we would with men.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Word Count: 1654<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_641_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_641_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_641_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_641_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mamo, Heran. \u201cBen Shapiro Reads the Censored Lyrics to Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion&#8217;s &#8216;WAP&#8217; &amp; He Can&#8217;t Handle It.\u201d Billboard, August 11, 2020. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/columns\/hip-hop\/9432034\/ben-shapiro-reads-censored-wap-lyrics-cardi-b-megan-thee-stallion<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_2');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_4');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_8');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hochstuhl, Christopher R. \u201cPoor Unfortunate Gender Stereotypes: Gender Transgression and Masculinity in the Music of Female Disney Villains.\u201d The Avid Listener, July 27, 2020. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/theavidlistenerblog.com\/2020\/07\/27\/poor-unfortunate-gender-stereotypes-gender-transgression-and-masculinity-in-the-music-of-female-disney-villains\/<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">McClarly, Susan. \u201cSexual Politics in Classical Music.\u201d Chapter. In <i>Feminine Endings<\/i>, 56\u201367. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1991.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_5');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_6');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Felton, Lena. \u201cSome Are Criticizing Cardi B&#8217;s &#8216;WAP&#8217; for Being &#8216;Vulgar.&#8217; Her Fans Say to Get over It.\u201d <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thelily.com.<\/span> The Lily, August 12, 2020. <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/www.thelily.com\/some-are-criticizing-cardi-bs-wap-her-fans-say-to-get-over-it\/.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Solie, Ruth A. \u201cGirling at the Parlor Piano,\u201d\u00a0<i>Music in Other Words: Victorian Conversations<\/i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_641_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_641_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_641_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_641_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_641_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_641_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_641_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_641_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_641_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_641_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_641_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_641_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_641_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2020, we\u2019ve witnessed the release of many new songs from popular female artists. While the content of these songs has certainly varied, one theme that has been particularly prevalent is the expression of female sexual pleasure and desire. Two &#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/2021\/04\/29\/stigma-surrounding-female-power-and-sexual-pleasure\/\">Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3435,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3435"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=641"}],"version-history":[{"count":66,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":815,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641\/revisions\/815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/mus123spr2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}