{"id":1655,"date":"2017-12-06T14:34:21","date_gmt":"2017-12-06T19:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/?p=1655"},"modified":"2017-12-06T14:34:21","modified_gmt":"2017-12-06T19:34:21","slug":"muddiest-point-1205","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/2017\/12\/06\/muddiest-point-1205\/","title":{"rendered":"Muddiest Point 12\/05"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I think the muddiest point in today&#8217;s lecture was the relation between continuity, differentiability. The reason why I pick this point was that it is very easy to use the false conclusion when we are working on problems. In this post, I would start with the theorem in the textbook and then use graphs\u00a0to provide some counterexamples intuitively.<\/p>\n<p>We know that differentiability implies contnuity, as stated in the textbook.<\/p>\n<p>Theorem 5.2.3. If <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=g+%3AA%5Crightarrow+R&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"g :A&#92;rightarrow R\" class=\"latex\" \/> is differentiable at a point <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=c%5Cin+A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"c&#92;in A\" class=\"latex\" \/>, then g is continuous at c as well.<\/p>\n<p>But continuity does not imply differentiability:<br \/>\nThese are some simple examples of integrable functions that are not continuous<\/p>\n<p>Example 1:\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D%7Cx%7C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f(x)=|x|\" class=\"latex\" \/> is continuous at 0, but is not differentiable at 0.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.46.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1668\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/2017\/12\/06\/muddiest-point-1205\/screen-shot-2017-12-06-at-14-11-46\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.46.png?fit=960%2C482&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"960,482\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Screen Shot 2017-12-06 at 14.11.46\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.46.png?fit=300%2C151&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.46.png?fit=600%2C301&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1668\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.46-300x151.png?resize=300%2C151&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.46.png?resize=300%2C151&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.46.png?resize=768%2C386&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.46.png?w=960&amp;ssl=1 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The absolute value function <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D%7Cx%7C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f(x)=|x|\" class=\"latex\" \/> is continuous at 0, but is not differentiable at 0. Intuitively, the graph of the absolute value function has a &#8220;sharp point&#8221; at the origin. Thus, the absolute value function is continuous at 0 but is not differentiable at 0.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Example 2: <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3Dx%5E%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f(x)=x^&#92;frac{2}{3}\" class=\"latex\" \/> <span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-57\" class=\"mjx-math\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-58\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-59\" class=\"mjx-mstyle\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-60\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-68\" class=\"mjx-msup\"><span class=\"mjx-sup\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-70\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-71\" class=\"mjx-mfrac\"><span class=\"mjx-box MJXc-stacked\"><span class=\"mjx-denominator\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-73\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>is continuous at\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-74\" class=\"mjx-math\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-75\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-76\" class=\"mjx-mstyle\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-77\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-78\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, but not differentiable at 0. Similar to Example 1, there is a &#8220;sharp point&#8221; at 0.<\/p>\n<p>.<a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.12.03.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1667\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/2017\/12\/06\/muddiest-point-1205\/screen-shot-2017-12-06-at-14-12-03\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.12.03.png?fit=974%2C486&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"974,486\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Screen Shot 2017-12-06 at 14.12.03\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.12.03.png?fit=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.12.03.png?fit=600%2C299&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1667\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.12.03-300x150.png?resize=300%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.12.03.png?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.12.03.png?resize=768%2C383&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.12.03.png?w=974&amp;ssl=1 974w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-32\" class=\"mjx-math\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-33\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-34\" class=\"mjx-mstyle\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-35\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-36\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-37\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">Example 3: <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D%5Csqrt%5B3%5D%7Bx%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f(x)=&#92;sqrt[3]{x}\" class=\"latex\" \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is continuous at\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-47\" class=\"mjx-math\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-48\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-49\" class=\"mjx-mstyle\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-50\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-51\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, but not differentiable at 0.The tangent line at\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-52\" class=\"mjx-math\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-53\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-54\" class=\"mjx-mstyle\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-55\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-56\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is vertical. The derivative (slope) is undefined for a vertical line, so the derivative does not exist at 0.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.58.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1666\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/2017\/12\/06\/muddiest-point-1205\/screen-shot-2017-12-06-at-14-11-58\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.58.png?fit=960%2C478&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"960,478\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Screen Shot 2017-12-06 at 14.11.58\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.58.png?fit=300%2C149&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.58.png?fit=600%2C299&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1666\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.58-300x149.png?resize=300%2C149&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.58.png?resize=300%2C149&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.58.png?resize=768%2C382&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/files\/2017\/12\/Screen-Shot-2017-12-06-at-14.11.58.png?w=960&amp;ssl=1 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I think the muddiest point in today&#8217;s lecture was the relation between continuity, differentiability. The reason why I pick this point was that it is very easy to use the false conclusion when we are working on problems. In this post, I would start with the theorem in the textbook and then use graphs\u00a0to provide [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2107,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[58822],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-muddiest-point"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7L4E1-qH","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2107"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1655"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1655\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}