{"id":1480,"date":"2017-11-16T02:15:35","date_gmt":"2017-11-16T07:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/?p=1480"},"modified":"2017-11-26T12:35:16","modified_gmt":"2017-11-26T17:35:16","slug":"daily-definitions-1114","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/2017\/11\/16\/daily-definitions-1114\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Definitions 11\/14"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this definitions blog, I will explore the supremum norm in greater detail. First, recall the definition of the supremum norm: If <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f%2Cg%3AA%5Crightarrow%5Cmathbb%7BR%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f,g:A&#92;rightarrow&#92;mathbb{R}\" class=\"latex\" \/>, then we set the supremum norm <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Cmid%5Cmid+f%5Cmid%5Cmid_%7B%5Cinfty%2CA%7D%3A%5Csup%5C%7B%5Cmid+f%28x%29%5Cmid%3Ax%5Cin+A%5C%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"&#92;mid&#92;mid f&#92;mid&#92;mid_{&#92;infty,A}:&#92;sup&#92;{&#92;mid f(x)&#92;mid:x&#92;in A&#92;}\" class=\"latex\" \/>. for the &#8220;uniform size&#8221; of <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f\" class=\"latex\" \/> and <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Cmid%5Cmid+f-g%5Cmid%5Cmid_%7B%5Cinfty%2CA%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"&#92;mid&#92;mid f-g&#92;mid&#92;mid_{&#92;infty,A}\" class=\"latex\" \/> is the &#8220;uniform distance&#8221; between <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f\" class=\"latex\" \/> and <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=g&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"g\" class=\"latex\" \/>.<\/p>\n<p>Notice that the word &#8220;uniform&#8221; comes up in this definition. Recall previous concepts of both uniform continuity and uniform convergence. With both of these ideas, the &#8220;uniformity&#8221; is characterized by a lack of dependence on <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"x\" class=\"latex\" \/>. Well, this same idea is also true for the supremum norm.<\/p>\n<p>Extending upon this idea, it is reasonable to entertain the idea of a connection between uniform convergence and the &#8220;uniform distance&#8221; between functions. Recall the proposition made in class, that <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f_n%5Crightarrow+f&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f_n&#92;rightarrow f\" class=\"latex\" \/> uniformly on <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"A\" class=\"latex\" \/> iff <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Cmid%5Cmid+f_n-f%5Cmid%5Cmid_%7B%5Cinfty%2CA%7D%5Crightarrow+0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"&#92;mid&#92;mid f_n-f&#92;mid&#92;mid_{&#92;infty,A}&#92;rightarrow 0\" class=\"latex\" \/>.<\/p>\n<p>We proved this statement to be true. However, consider the statement: If <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f_n%5Crightarrow+f&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f_n&#92;rightarrow f\" class=\"latex\" \/> pointwise on <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"A\" class=\"latex\" \/>, then <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Cmid%5Cmid+f_n-f%5Cmid%5Cmid_%7B%5Cinfty%2CA%7D%5Crightarrow+0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"&#92;mid&#92;mid f_n-f&#92;mid&#92;mid_{&#92;infty,A}&#92;rightarrow 0\" class=\"latex\" \/>.<\/p>\n<p>This statement is not true. Consider the sequence of functions <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f_n%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%2Bnx%7D%7Bn%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f_n=&#92;frac{x^2+nx}{n}\" class=\"latex\" \/>. <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f_n%5Crightarrow+f&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f_n&#92;rightarrow f\" class=\"latex\" \/> point wise, where <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3Dx&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f(x)=x\" class=\"latex\" \/>. However, notice,<br \/>\n$<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Csup%5Cmid+f_n%28x%29-x%5Cmid%3D%5Csup%5Cmid+%28%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7Bn%7D%2Bx%29-x%5Cmid%3D%5Csup%5Cmid%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7Bn%7D%5Cmid&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"&#92;sup&#92;mid f_n(x)-x&#92;mid=&#92;sup&#92;mid (&#92;frac{x^2}{n}+x)-x&#92;mid=&#92;sup&#92;mid&#92;frac{x^2}{n}&#92;mid\" class=\"latex\" \/>$<\/p>\n<p>But <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=%5Cmid%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7Bn%7D%5Cmid&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"&#92;mid&#92;frac{x^2}{n}&#92;mid\" class=\"latex\" \/> is unbounded, so this supremum does not exists by the AoC. Thus, we see uniform convergence is required.<\/p>\n<p>Now, it follows that <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=f_n&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"f_n\" class=\"latex\" \/> also lack uniform convergence by our first proposition. With this new understanding, we can now use the supremum norm as a nice tool to prove absence of uniform convergence in the future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this definitions blog, I will explore the supremum norm in greater detail. First, recall the definition of the supremum norm: If , then we set the supremum norm . for the &#8220;uniform size&#8221; of and is the &#8220;uniform distance&#8221; between and . Notice that the word &#8220;uniform&#8221; comes up in this definition. Recall previous [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3526,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[58823],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-definitions"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7L4E1-nS","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3526"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1480"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1480\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.richmond.edu\/math320\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}